Canadian Conference for Fisheries Research (CCFFR)

Conférence Canadienne de Recherche sur les Pêches (CCRP)

4-6 January 2001 / les 4-6 janvier 2001

Royal York Hotel, Toronto, Ontario

 

Thursday evening, 04 January 2001: CONCERT HALL

18:00 - ?

REGISTRATION / INSCRIPTION ¨ SOCIAL MIXER /COCKTAIL ¨ POSTERS

 

Friday AM, 05 January 2001: BALLROOM

Joint CCFFR-SCL Session / Session Conjointe CCRP-SCL: BALLROOM

Chair/President: John Roff (Co-editor, Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences)

08:15

Welcome/Bienvenue: TBA (National Research Council of Canada)

08:30

F. H. Rigler Lecture/Conference F. H. Rigler

Peter Dillon: The use of mass balance measurements in studies of lakes and their catchments.

09:15

J. C. Stevenson Lecture / Conference J. C. Stevenson

Joe Rasmussen: Battling Hydra, the nine-headed monster: understanding the variability of food webs and its importance for fisheries and ecosystem management.

10:00 - 10:30

Break

Joint session (continued): Fisheries and aquatic science then and now

Chair/President: John Roff (Co-editor, Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences)

10:30

David Schindler: A freshwater crisis? In Canada?

11:15

Carl Walters: Tales from the foraging arena: are we finally able to develop useful predictive models for ecosystem management?

12:00 - 13:20

LUNCH

 

Friday PM1, 05 January 2001

CONFEDERATION 3

CONFEDERATION 4-5

LIBRARY

Life history variation and its implications for fisheries management

Part 1 of 4

Chair/President: Michael Fox

 Fish community ecology: patterns, explanations and fisheries applications

Part 1 of 3

Chair/President: David Noakes

Quantitative predictions in fish ecology: meeting society's needs

Part 1 of 3

Chair/President: Daniel Boisclair

13:20

Life history and conservation biology of marine fishes: perceptions and caveats

Hutchings, J., and S. Rowe

Detecting environmental filters in community ecology: a quantitative approach

Rodríguez, M.

Projecting regional impacts of climate change on freshwater fishes

Minns, C., and B. Shuter

13:40

Temporal changes in the fecundity-size relationship of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

Jewett, T., and J. Hutchings

Artificial neural networks and the development of predictive models for temperate fish communities

Olden, J., and D. Jackson

Effects of climate and global warming on year-class strength and relative abundance of smallmouth bass in eastern Lake Ontario

Casselman, J., D. Brown, J. Hoyle, and T. Ecker

14:00

Testing for paternal effects on early life history success in Georges Bank haddock

Rideout, R., M. Litvak, and E. Trippel

The temporal variations in piscivorous and planktivorous fish abundance during the nocturnal migration in a lake

Girard, P., and D. Boisclair

Quantity of fisheries data and uncertainty in stock assessment and management

Chen,Y.

14:20

The variation in early growth history and age at maturity in two smallmouth bass populations in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario

Dunlop, E., B. Shuter, and H. Rodd

Evaluation of the patterns of stream fish com-munity distribution in boreal forest catchments: implications for forest management

Mackereth, R., and K. Armstrong

Predicting fish communities following wetland restoration

Davis, J., and D. Jackson

14:40

Effect of temperature on the life history of Japanese medaka, independent of growth

Dhillon, R., and M. Fox

Index of biotic integrity vs. multivariate statistical approaches: a case study using Great Plains stream fish communities

Jackson, D., E. Marsh-Matthews, and W. Matthews

The ability of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) to reflect local environmental conditions

Gray, M., R. Cunjak, and K. Munkittric

15:00-15:20

BREAK

 

Friday PM2, 05 January 2001

CONFEDERATION 3

CONFEDERATION 4-5

LIBRARY

Life history variation and its implications for fisheries management

Part 2 of 4

Chair/President: Michael Fox

 Fish community ecology: patterns, explanations and fisheries applications

Part 2 of 3

Chair/President: Bill Tonn

Quantitative predictions in fish ecology: meeting society's needs

Part 2 of 3

Chair/President: Daniel Boisclair

15:20

Grow big or go home: a direct test of fitness trade-offs using pumpkinseed sunfish forms

Jastrebski, C.

Perspective of the predator-prey relationship through different spatial scales using horizontal hydroacoustic scanning approach

Guénard, G., and D. Boisclair

Can large scale questions be answered with small scale field sampling?: juvenile Atlantic cod in coastal habitat

Gregory, R., D. Schneider, J. Brown, and J. Anderson

15:40

Genetic comparison between sympatric life histories of oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous steelhead and freshwater-resident rainbow trout) in British Columbia

Docker, M.F., and D. Heath

Habitat factors affecting fish community structures: an ecological note on southwestern Ontario streams

Chowdhury, M., and F. Beamish

The relative performance and transferability of habitat suitability and probabilistic indices to predict fish distribution patterns in rivers!

Guay, J-C., D. Boisclair, M. Lapointe, and M. Leclerc

16:00

Comparative reproductive life history characteristics of walleye and sauger in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba

Johnston, A., W. Leggett, and W. Lysack

Exploring the morphological and phylogenetic diversification of fishes in the eastern Brazilian streams: a comparative study

Peres-Neto, P., C. Bizerril, and D. Jackson

Incorporating spatial uncertainty into St. Marys River sea lamprey control decisions

Haeseker, S., and M. Jones

16:20

Influence of a large fjord lake on the migratory patterns of Atlantic salmon smolts

Dietrich, J., and R. Cunjak

Impacts of low-head barriers on stream fishes: taxonomic affiliations and morphological correlates of sensitive species

McLaughlin, R., L. Porto, and D. Noakes

Conserving fish by catching fewer

Marshall, C., and N. Yaragina

 

Friday PM3, 05 January 2001

16:45-19:00

POSTER SESSION (see titles below): CONCERT HALL

17:30

CCFFR Business Meeting / Assemblée annuelle de la CCRP: TERRITORIES ROOM

 19:00

CCFFR-SCL Buffet Dinner / Buffet CCRP-SCL: IMPERIAL ROOM

 

Saturday AM1, 06 January 2001

CONFEDERATION 3

CONFEDERATION 4-5

LIBRARY

Life history variation and its implications for fisheries management

Part 3 of 4

Chair/President: Nigel Lester

 Fish community ecology: patterns, explanations and fisheries applications

Part 3 of 3

Chair/President: Bill Tonn

Quantitative predictions in fish ecology: meeting society's needs

Part 3 of 3

Chair/President: Ed Trippel

08:30

Ecotypic variation in morphology of rainbow trout from British Columbia

Keeley, E., E. Parkinson, and E. Taylor

Effects of rainbow smelt invasion on mercury concentrations of predatory fishes in lakes of northwestern Ontario and Manitoba

Johnston, T., W. Leggett, R. Bodaly, R. Doucett, and R. Cunjak

Modeling effects of the coastal marine environment on recruitment across multiple stocks of three species of Pacific salmon

Mueter, F., B. Pyper, and R. Peterman

08:50

Life history variation in Ontario yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

Purchase, C., B. Henderson, and N. Collins

Trophic positions and mercury concentrations of native forage fishes and rainbow smelt in lakes of northwestern Ontario

Swanson, H., T. Johnston, W. Leggett, R. Bodaly, R. Doucett, and R. Cunjak

Modeling the effect of spawning site location on recruitment of lake trout in Lake Superior

Netto, J., and M. Jones

09:10

Management of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) populations in northeastern Ontario

Morgan, G., and M. Malette

Predicting the spread and impact of introduced fishes in Algonquin Park, Ontario

Mandrak, N.

Using models and data to assess alternate management strategies for sustaining recreational fishing

Post, J., C. Mushens, A. Paul, and M. Sullivan

09:30

Effect of surplus energy on the maturation of walleye: individual and population effects

Henderson, B., and G. Morgan

Prey size of salmonid fishes in streams, lakes and oceans

Keeley, E., and J. Grant

Quantifying juvenile Atlantic cod habitat across spatial scales

O, M., D. Schneider, and R. Gregory

09:50

Ciscoe de fumage: a life history synthesis of bloater chub (Coregonus hoyi)

Clemens, B., and S. Crawford

Winterkill cascade: top-down effects of fish on littoral fauna in boreal plains lakes

Langlois, P., W. Tonn, E. Prepas, A. Danylchuk, and C. Paszkowski

Biological reference points for the management of Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario walleye

Stewart, T., J, Bowlby, J, Hoyle, A, Mathers, and T. Schaner

10:10-10:40

BREAK

 

Saturday AM2, 06 January 2001

CONFEDERATION 3

CONFEDERATION 4-5

LIBRARY

General Contributions

Part 1 of 6

Chair/President: Nigel Lester

 Behavioural ecology and its application to fisheries and aquaculture, Part 1 of 3

Chair/President: Cindy Pazkowski

General Contributions

Part 2 of 6

Chair/President: Jason Schreer

10:40

Energetic and morphometric patterns in migrating Fraser River sockeye salmon: the role of migratory distance and elevation

Crossin, G., and S. Hinch

Metapopulations in cod: using tagging data to empirically challenge genetic structure

Smedbol, R., C. Taggart, and R. Stephenson

Does radio-tagging affect the stress physiology of Atlantic salmon smolts?

Connors, B., V. Mathilakath, and R.S. McKinley

11:00

Dynamics of size-structured populations: the importance of overwintering in stream-dwelling salmonid populations

Paul, A., and J. Post

Evidence for spawning site fidelity of Atlantic cod from an acoustic tagging study

Robichaud, D., and G. Rose

Contrasts in the seawater tolerance of freshwater and anadromous inconnu

Howland, K., W. Tonn, and G. Goss

11:20

Home range of adult lake trout in Lake Opeongo, Ontario

Flavelle, L.S., R.S. McKinley, M.R. Ridgway, and T. Middel

Reducing live food requirements for the larviculture of atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): using behaviours to compare the effects of prey density and duration of prey availability

Temple-Banner, S., and J. Brown

Measurement of fatigue and recovery using EMG telemetry in rainbow trout (Onchorhyn-chus mykiss) exposed to acute chlorine stress

Hunter, K.J., and R.S. McKinley

11:40

The impact of piscivorous birds on rainbow trout populations in lakes

Beckmann, C., P. Biro, and J. Post

Brood-specific mortality patterns in smallmouth bass: quantifying underlying mechanisms within and among years

Friesen, T., and M. Ridgway

A comparison of the swimming and cardiac performance of farmed and wild atlantic salmon throughout the spawning season

Dunmall, K.M., J.F. Schreer, B. Finstad, and R.S. McKinley

12:00

Implications of life history review for management of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) fisheries in Lake Huron

Crawford, S.S., and J.A. Holmes

Spatial ecology and density-dependent processes in smallmouth bass

Ridgway, M., and B. Shuter

The physiological response of diploid and triploid brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to exhaustive exercise

Hyndmann, C., J. Kieffer, and T. Benfey

12:20-13:20

LUNCH

 

Saturday PM1, 06 January 2001

CONFEDERATION 3

CONFEDERATION 4-5

LIBRARY

General Contributions

Part 3 of 6

Chair/President: Nick Collins

Behavioural ecology and its application to fisheries and aquaculture, Part 2 of 3

Chair/President: Cindy Pazkowski

General Contributions

Part 4 of 6

Chair/President: Bob Gregory

13:20

Variation in lake trout growth rates in canadian shield lakes with contrasting food web structures

Bentzen, E., S. Good, and B. Hickie

In situ analysis of feeding motions of juvenile atlantic salmon in relation to turbulent flow structures

Enders, E., T. Buffin-Bélanger, D. Boisclair, and A. Roy

Age 0+ cod abundance increases with habitat complexity

Simmonds, N., D. Schneider, and R. Gregory

13:40

The influence of predation risk on the overwinter mortality and energetic relationships of young-of-the-year walleye

Pratt, T., and M. Fox

Effect of visual isolation on territory size and population density of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Imre, I., E. Keeley, and J. Grant

Eelgrass increases abundance and reduces predator risk in juvenile cod: an experimental field manipulation

Laurel, B., R. Gregory, and J. Brown

14:00

Influence of food web structure on the bioenergetics of lake trout

Pazzia, I., M. Trudel, M. Ridgway, and J.B. Rasmussen

Energy use and behaviour of up-river migrating adult salmon in the Fraser Canyon: assessing the effects of river features using EMG telemetry

Standen, E., and S. Hinch

Should Gilbert Bay cod be managed as a local population?

Morris, C., and J. Green

14:20

An energetic analysis of polymorphism in lake whitefish

Trudel, M., A. Tremblay, R. Schetagne, and J.B. Rasmussen

Factors affecting the reproductive success of female brook trout

Blanchfield, P., and M. Ridgway

Patterns of population structure in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus): reconciliation with the retention hypothesis

McPherson, A.., P. O'Reilly, M. Jones, C. Reiss, and C. Taggart

14:40

Population consequences of behaviour: density-dependent mortality is mediated by adaptive foraging activity for young fish in whole-lake experiments

Biro, P., and J. Post

Status-dependent reproductive activity in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): influence of population density

Danylchuk, A., and W. Tonn

Conservation genetics of coaster brook trout

D'Amelio, S., and C.C. Wilson

15:00-15:20

 Break

 

Saturday PM2, 06 January 2001

CONFEDERATION 3

CONFEDERATION 4-5

LIBRARY

General Contributions

Part 5 of 6

Chair/President: Steve Crawford

 Behavioural ecology and its application to fisheries and aquaculture, Part 3 of 3

Chair/President: Nick Collins

General Contributions

Part 6 of 6

Chair/President: Daniel Heath

15:20

Sample size for estimating age class proportions

Morrison, B., J. Hubert, E. Carter, T. Nudds, and S. Crawford

Adaptive behaviour of individuals and the intrapopulation diversification of lake fishes

McLaughlin, R.

Influence of moon phase on the spatial patterns of fish in Lake D’Annecy, France

Gaudreau, N., J. Guillard, and D. Boisclair

15:40

The effectiveness of isolated (dry) pipeline water crossing techniques to mitigate sediment impacts on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) streams

Reid, S., S. Stoklosar, S. Metikosh, and J. Evans

Fitness consequences of habitat use for juvenile cutthroat trout: energetic costs and benefits in pools and riffles

Rosenfeld, J., and S. Boss

Direct field tests of competition among possibly diverging stickleback taxa

Gray, S.

16:00

Growth rate and recruitment of rainbow smelt larvae, Osmerus mordax, in Lac Saint-Jean

Sirois, P., and M. Legault

Growth and foraging rates in relation to habitat used by young-of- the-year atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Girard, I., J. Grant, and S. Steingrimsson

Molecular genetic structure and management of steelhead trout populations in British Columbia

Heath, D., S. Pollard, and C. Herbinger

16:20

Distribution and abundance of whitefish near Douglas Point, Lake Huron

Holmes, J., S. Crawford, D. Noakes, D. Wismer, and C. Gubala

Differences in competitive ability and mortality risk of growth-enhanced transgenic and non-transgenic salmon

Vandersteen, W., M. Abraham, and R. Devlin

Population status of Inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Amiro, P.

16:40

Putting the experiment into 'experimental' gillnets

Muir, A., S. Crawford, and P. Vecsei

Swimming kinematics of the flatfish, American plaice

Winger, P., S. Walsh, and P. He

Issues in Great Lakes fish disease monitoring

Good, C., and M. Thorburn

17:00

THE END / FINIS

 

Posters: Thursday and Friday evenings (04 and 05 Jan.) in the CONCERT HALL

1. Posters should go up just before or during the welcoming mixer, on Thursday evening (04 Jan) so that they may be viewed during the mixer.

2. Authors should attend their posters during the "official" poster session on Friday evening, 05 Jan from 16:45 to 19:00.

3. Posters can/should be on display during the entire meeting.

  1. Analysis of optical quality, mitochondria and anatomy of lenses of four teleost species. Bantseev, V., K. Moran, and J. Siva
  2. Fish biodiversity in the Great Lakes. Berends, M.P., and M.R. Gross.
  3. Community and environmental effects on walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) life history variation. Binks, J., and G. Morgan
  4. Metaalicus - a whole-ecosystem experiment to determine the relationship between atmospheric deposition of mercury and mercury concentrations in fish. Blanchfield, P., C. Podemski, M. Paterson, J. Rudd, C. Kelly, and R. Harris
  5. Watershed hydrology and the habitat of brook trout in lake ecosystems. Borwick, J. A. and M. Ridgway
  6. Optimal guarded area in the convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). Breau, C. and J. Grant
  7. Can we accurately estimate fish abundance using hydroacoustic? Brind'Amour, A., and D. Boisclair
  8. Effects of silt on cardiac output of riverine and lacustrine rock bass. Bunt, C., Cooke S., Schreer J. and Philipp D.
  9. Genetic characterization of an alternative life history strategy in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Busch, C., and D. Heath.
  10. Stable isotope analysis of two brook charr forms (Salvelinus fontinalis) in relation with fish morphology and diet composition. Caron, M., G. Cabana and P. Magnan
  11. Sperm traits and body condition of male bluegills. Casselman, S.J., and R.D. Montgomerie
  12. Livewell retention of smallmouth bass: opportunities for minimizing stress and enhancing recovery. Cooke, S., D. Philipp, D. Wahl, and J. Schreer
  13. Nest choice by male round goby, Neogobius melanostomus. Corkum, L.D., and K.L. Stammler
  14. Breeding Ecology of Pacific Salmon in Lake Ontario. Craine, I., M.P. Berends, and M.R. Gross
  15. Reaction of ruffe to an electrical barrier at various voltage and pulse settings. Dawson, H., J. Savino and U. Reinhardt
  16. Age 0 sea lamprey emergence, dispersal, and movements: the potential for compensatory mechanisms. Derosier, A.L., and M.L. Jones
  17. Dispersal of queen conch (Strombus gigas) from key nursery grounds: implications for designing no-take fishing reserves. Danylchuk, A., K. Baldwin, and M. Rudd
  18. Movements of an Invader in the Saint John River System: the muskellunge, Esox masquinongy. Doherty, C. and R.A. Curry
  19. Genetic relatedness of early and late run sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from the Klukshu River, Canada, using microsatellite markers. Fillatre, E., and D. Heath
  20. A comparison of the estimates and precision of sampling obtained using two different fish habitat assessment methods in lakes. Frezza, T.L., N. Lester, L. Carl, and K. Smokorowski
  21. Size segregation of atlantic redfish with depth. Gauthier, S., and G.A. Rose
  22. Predation-risk of age 0 Atlantic cod with respect to eelgrass patch characteristics. Gorman, A.M., D.C. Schneider, and R.S. Gregory
  23. Daily activity patterns and habitat use of juvenile atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in winter. Hiscock, M.J., D.A. Scruton, and J.A. Brown
  24. Sex determination in guppies: genes and environment. Hodgins, K., and M.R. Gross
  25. Seasonal and diel variation in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) activity and implications for gillnet catchability. Janoscik, T., N.P. Lester, and N.C. Collins
  26. Statistical methods for examining fish density and habitat relationships. Johnson, P.
  27. Genetic studies of american lobster (Homarus americanus). Jones, M., E. Kenchington, P. Prodohl, P. O'Reilly, A. McPherson, and C. Taggart
  28. Temperature induced changes of early life-history traits of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. Jordaan, A., and L. Kling
  29. Anthropogenic influences on fish communities of the Gull River drainage, Ontario. Kelly, E., and N. Mandrak
  30. Do rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) biomagnify and biotransform chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides enantioselectively? Lau, F., C. Wong, M. Clark, S. Mabury, and D. Muir
  31. Management implications of life history variation in northern pike (Esox lucius) populations in northeastern Ontario. Malette, M., and G. Morgan
  32. The development of a national freshwater fish distribution database: an update. Mandrak, N.
  33. Estimation of energetic costs associated to feeding in littoral and pelagic habitats by juvenile brook charr, (Salvelinus fontinalis). Marchand, F., P. Magnan, and D. Boisclair
  34. Habitat utilization in a trophically polymorphic pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) population. McCairns, R., and M. Fox
  35. Development of a hydroacoustic survey method to monitor the status of lake trout populations in Ontario. Middel T.A. , N.P. Lester, and C.P. Gubala
  36. The bioenergetic basis for anadromy in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Morinville, G.R., and J. Rasmussen
  37. Habitat preferences and movements of coaster brook trout in Lake Superior. Mucha, J.M., and R.W. Mackereth
  38. Potential effects of selenium on the reproductive fitness of salmonids downstream of an endpit lake. Palace V., P. Siwik , G. Sterling, R. Evans, C. Barons, and J. Holm
  39. Pond experiments investigating the effects of small-bodied fish species on growth and survivorship of wood frog larvae. Paszkowski, C., B. Eaton, T. Gartner, and B. Gingras
  40. A comparison of four aging techniques for aging the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, in Newfoundland. Perry, R., and D. Keefe
  41. Potential genetic benefits of mate selection in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Pitcher, T., A. Rubaszek, and G. Anderson
  42. Performance of two forms of lacustrine brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, in the pelagic zone. Proulx, R., and P.Magnan
  43. An analysis of walleye pollock stock structure in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean using microsatellite DNA markers. O'Reilly, P., M. F. Canino, K.M. Bailey, and P. Bentzen
  44. Optimal foraging in juvenile salmon under predation risk: how adding biological realism changes a dynamic foraging model. Reinhardt, U.
  45. Demographic issues in the conservation of sturgeon. Robertson, C.T., and M.R. Gross
  46. A possible non-sexual origin of a mate preference: are male guppies mimicking fruit? Rodd, H., K. Hughes, G. Grether, and C. Baril
  47. The mating system of Atlantic cod. Rowe, S.
  48. Innovative techniques for stock discrimination and production estimation in great lakes percid fisheries. Sale, P., B. Fryer, B. Dixon, T. Johnson, T. Pratt, K. Hedges, and M. Latimer
  49. The effect of habitat complexity on the abundance of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) using artificial reefs. Sargent, P., R. Gregory, and D. Schneider
  50. Preliminary comparisons of cardiac function in several fish species. Schreer, J., S. Cooke, K. Dunmall, C. Bunt, and D. Philipp
  51. Estimating the impact of wave exposure on fish density in the nearshore zone. Seifried, K., and N. Collins
  52. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): sampled by repeated caudle puncture and dorsal aorta cannulation. Singer, T.D., G.N. Wagner,, and R.S. McKinley
  53. Effects of lipid extraction on the stable isotope signatures (delta 13C and delta 15N) of fish: implications for food-web studies. Sotiropoulos, M., W. Tonn, and L. Wassenaar
  54. Impact of climate change on river water temperatures and growth of juvenile atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Swansburg, E., N. El-Jabi, G. Chaput, and D. Caissie
  55. Reassessing the stock in the stock-recruitment relationship: effects of interannual variations in the stock quality on the population fecundity and year class strength of Lake Erie yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Trivedi, T., B. Henderson, and N. Collins
  56. Spatial ecology and habitat use by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Gypsy Bill Creek, a small Precambrian Shield stream in south-central Ontario, Wootton, B., and D. Evans
  57. Size shifts of cisco (Coregonus artedii) over 40 years of sampling in Lake Opeongo: links to changes observed in the indigenous lake trout population, Vascotto, K., and B. Shuter
  58. A noninvasive technique for determining sex of live north american sturgeons, Vecsei, P., D. Noakes, and M. Litvak
  59. Breeding protocols for hatcheries and fish conservation. von Ompteda, K., and M.R. Gross
  60. Genetic diversity and survival in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) jacks: implications for management and conservation. Young, B., and D. Heath